Web & Mobile

Tenant isolation is the decision everything else follows from. This guide covers the isolation models, what each costs, how to handle noisy neighbours, and when to move a tenant to its own instance.

Observability is the difference between diagnosing an incident and guessing. This guide covers what to instrument, how to correlate across services, alerting that works, and keeping telemetry cost sane.

SSO projects fail on provisioning and group mapping rather than on protocol. This guide covers what to decide first, how to handle deprovisioning, and the failure modes that lock everyone out.

Authentication choices are hard to reverse once clients depend on them. This guide covers sessions versus tokens, where to store credentials, refresh handling, and the failure modes to design for.

Caching is the cheapest performance and cost lever a web application has, and the most common source of stale or leaked data when done carelessly. This guide covers each layer from CDN and HTTP caching through application, data, and rendering caches to AI response caching, with invalidation patterns and the mistakes that cause incidents.

Edge computing moves work closer to users and imposes real runtime constraints. This guide covers what belongs at the edge, what the limitations are, and when the origin remains the right place.

Federation lets several teams own parts of one graph, at the cost of operational complexity and new failure modes. This guide covers boundaries, partial failure, and when it earns its keep.

Progressive enhancement is a reliability practice rather than a nostalgic one. This guide covers building a working baseline, layering interactivity, and why it makes interfaces harder to break.

Security headers are cheap defence and easy to deploy badly. This guide covers what each one does, how to roll out a content security policy without breaking things, and what to monitor.

WebSockets solve real-time delivery and introduce stateful connections that complicate scaling. This guide covers when to use them, how to scale, and the reconnection behaviour that determines reliability.

Accessibility retrofitted after an audit costs many times what building it in does. This guide covers what conformance requires, the limits of automated testing, and the patterns that cause most barriers.

API gateways solve real problems and accumulate responsibilities that do not belong there. This guide covers what belongs at the edge, what does not, and how to avoid a gateway nobody can change.

APIs carry most of the traffic and most of the risk in modern products, and AI-backed endpoints add new failure modes. This guide covers authentication and authorization, input validation, rate limiting and abuse prevention, secrets and transport, logging and monitoring, testing, and the practices that AI-backed APIs need on top.

App store review rejects apps for predictable reasons: privacy disclosures that do not match behavior, incomplete metadata, broken flows, and guideline conflicts. This guide covers preparing builds and accounts, metadata and screenshots, privacy and permissions disclosures, review guideline pitfalls including AI features, staged rollouts, and monitoring after launch.

Core Web Vitals measure three different things with three different causes. This guide covers what each one means, what typically causes a poor score, and the changes that actually improve it.

Most design systems are built comprehensively and adopted partially. This guide covers building from real usage, handling adoption, versioning, and the governance that keeps a system alive.

Ecommerce platform choice is decided by catalogue complexity, checkout requirements, and integration surface rather than by feature lists. This guide covers the decisions that actually constrain you later.

Headless CMS decouples content from presentation, which helps multi-channel delivery and costs editorial convenience. This guide covers content modelling, preview, and when the trade is worth making.

Most web performance work optimises things that do not matter. This guide covers measuring in the field rather than the lab, finding the actual bottleneck, and the small number of changes that produce most of the gain.

The App Router changes where code runs and how caching behaves, which is where most of the surprises come from. This guide covers server components, data fetching, caching, streaming, and migration.

The full rewrite is tempting and usually wrong. How to decide between rebuilding and refactoring legacy software—the real costs, risks, and deciding signals.

Slow web apps lose money and rankings. Where the slowness really comes from, how Core Web Vitals affect conversion and SEO, and the fixes that actually move it.

Next.js vs React isn't really a versus—Next.js is built on React. When the framework's structure (SSR, routing, SEO) is worth it, and when plain React suffices.

A SaaS MVP should prove the bet, not boil the ocean. How to scope the smallest valuable product, avoid bloat, and build a foundation you can actually scale.